Eleanor has featured in a number of screen versions of the Ivanhoe and Robin Hood stories. "[32] One source claimed that the queen sent her younger sons to France "to join with him against their father the king. To astonishment that has echoed through the centuries, Stephen handed over the money Henry requested. Damascus was a major wealthy trading centre and was under normal circumstances a potential threat, but the rulers of Jerusalem had recently entered into a truce with the city, which they then forswore. Omissions? From the moment the Crusaders entered Asia Minor, things began to go badly. Within hours, the king had arranged for his son Louis to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. She continued south, crossed the Pyrenees, and travelled through the kingdoms of Navarre and Castile, arriving in Castile before the end of January 1200. Most recently, she was portrayed by Eileen Atkins in Robin Hood (2010). [9] It was agreed that the duchy would remain independent of France until Eleanor's oldest son became both king of France and duke of Aquitaine. She became duchess upon her father's death in April 1137, and three months later she married Louis, son of her guardian King Louis VI of France. The chronicler William of Tyre, writing between 1170 and 1184 and thus perhaps too long after the event to be considered historically accurate, placed the blame for this disaster firmly on the amount of baggage being carried, much of it reputedly belonging to Eleanor and her ladies, and the presence of non-combatants. Many men, horses, and much of the baggage were cast into the canyon below. All rights reserved. The Lion in Winter will be directed by Tom Hollis. Contemporary sources praise Eleanor's beauty. Emma Henry (I) Actress IMDbPro Starmeter See rank Emma Henry is known for The Help (2011). After that, Eleanor goes on to live what, for anyone else, might constitute the third glitteringly impressive medieval life she was gifted. According to feudal customs, Eleanor then regained possession of Aquitaine, and two months later she married the grandson of Henry I of England, Henry Plantagenet, count of Anjou and duke of Normandy. In 1154 he became, as Henry II, king of England, with the result that England, Normandy, and the west of France were united under his rule. Johns only victories on the Continent, therefore, were due to Eleanor. Under both Richard and John she was active in matters of state and she died eventually in a nunnery at Fontrevault in Anjou in her early eighties in 1204, having been for much of a lifetime probably the most powerful woman in Europe. Some of the times he got himself into the deepest trouble, such as the Toulouse Campaign in 1159 and the Becket Affair that ended so tragically in 1170, it was because he wanted his rights clearly defined from these grey areas. Eleanor had only one other legitimate sibling, a younger sister named Aelith (also called Petronilla). Warned just in time, she avoided an ambush set by Henrys young brother Geoffrey, who hoped to advance his ambitions by marrying her himself, and arrived safely at her own capital of Poitiers. The moments that are perhaps most telling are those of grief. In eastern Europe, the French army was at times hindered by Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine Emperor, who feared that the Crusade would jeopardise the tenuous safety of his empire. If you will promise to do this, I in return promise to entreat the merciful Lord to grant you offspring." Continuing in the vein of Sharons routine support of other authors, Ive got a special treat to share. She has been played by Martita Hunt in The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), Jill Esmond in the British TV adventure series The Adventures of Robin Hood (19551960), Phyllis Neilson-Terry in the British TV adventure series Ivanhoe (1958), Yvonne Mitchell in the BBC TV drama series The Legend of Robin Hood (1975), Sin Phillips in the TV series Ivanhoe (1997), and Tusse Silberg in the TV series The New Adventures of Robin Hood (1997). She is survived by her husband of over 76 years Chester, three . "On the second day in Easter week, he was slain in the city by a man-at-arms in the service of Brandin",[33] a rival mercenary captain. After wandering aimlessly through Aquitaine, Henry the Younger caught dysentery. In the 2003 television film version, Eleanor was played by Glenn Close alongside Patrick Stewart as Henry. Archbishop Samson received assurances from Louis that Eleanor's lands would be restored to her. The French, both soldiers and pilgrims, taken by surprise, were trapped. Continue with Recommended Cookies. On 21 March, the four archbishops, with the approval of Pope Eugene, granted an annulment on grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree; Eleanor was Louis' third cousin once removed, and shared common ancestry with Robert II of France. As queen of France, Eleanor participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. She has been misjudged by many French historians who have noted only her youthful frivolity, ignoring the tenacity, political wisdom, and energy that characterized the years of her maturity. He even arranged for Eleanor and Louis to sleep in the same bed. As soon as John heard of this, he marched south, overcame the besiegers, and captured the 15-year-old Arthur, and probably his sister Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, whom Eleanor had raised with Richard. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Eleanor was imprisoned for the next 16 years, much of the time in various locations in England. Louis was a weak and ineffectual military leader with no skill for maintaining troop discipline or morale, or of making informed and logical tactical decisions. She introduced those conventions in her own lands on the island of Olron in 1160 (with the "Rolls of Olron") and later in England as well. [a] Eleanor's conduct was repeatedly criticised by church elders, particularly Bernard of Clairvaux and Abbot Suger, as indecorous. Louis accordingly bolted the gates of Bourges against the new bishop. Archbishop Samson of Reims acted for Eleanor. Louis was outraged that his former wife, and vassal, had remarried without his permission. Late in July 1156, Eleanor left England to join Henry in Anjou with her two younger children. She married John Allison about 1708, in Maryland, British Colonial America. Louis's subsequent siege of Damascus in 1148 with his remaining army, reinforced by Conrad and Baldwin III of Jerusalem, achieved little. Fans of medieval historical fiction wont want to miss this. Eleanor then returned to Fontevraud where she took the veil as a nun. [15], Louis's tenure as count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine and Gascony lasted only a few days. The couple married on Whitsun, 18 May 1152. As Eleanor travelled to Poitiers, two lordsTheobald V, Count of Blois, and Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, brother of Henry II, Duke of Normandytried to kidnap and marry her to claim her lands. The marriage was annulled in March 1152 on grounds of consanguinity. Eleanor, aged 12 to 15, then became the duchess of Aquitaine, and thus the most eligible heiress in Europe. The marriage was annulled in March 1152 on grounds of consanguinity. The king had many mistresses, but although he treated earlier liaisons discreetly, he flaunted Rosamund. We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! He records some twenty-one cases, the most famous of them being a problem posed to the women about whether true love can exist in marriage. There is no real evidence to position Eleanor as some kind of mastermind in a bid to tear her family and their lands apart. [6] On the other hand, some chronicles mention a fidelity oath of some lords of Aquitaine on the occasion of Eleanor's fourteenth birthday in 1136. Stephens oldest son died, his other son expressed no desire to become king, and Stephen adopted Henry as his son and appointed him heir to England. Eleanor and Rosamund Clifford, as well as Henry IIand Rosamund's father, appear in Gaetano Donizetti's opera Rosmonda d'Inghilterra (libretto by Felice Romani), which was premiered in Florence, at the Teatro Pergola, in 1834. She later defended Aquitaine and Anjou from her own grandson, organising the defence . His eldest surviving son, Louis, had originally been destined for monastic life, but had become the heir apparent when the firstborn, Philip, died in a riding accident in 1131.[13]. He may have done so to provoke Eleanor into seeking an annulment, but if so, the queen disappointed him. Eleanor secured her freedom by agreeing to his demands. After their return to France and a short-lived reconciliation, their marriage was annulled in March 1152. Norah Lofts wrote a fictionalized biography of her, entitled in various editions Queen in Waiting or Eleanor the Queen, and including some romanticized episodesstarting off with the young Eleanor planning to elope with a young knight, who is killed out of hand by her guardian, in order to facilitate her marriage to the King's son. "[19], Official blame for the disaster was placed on Geoffrey de Rancon, who had made the decision to continue, and it was suggested that he be hanged, a suggestion which the king ignored. In The Art of Courtly Love, Andreas Capellanus, Andrew the chaplain, refers to the court of Poitiers. The Crusade itself achieved little. Henry allows Eleanor to travel to Normandy to visit the grave of their son Henry the Young King. Her contribution to England extended beyond her own lifetime; after the loss of Normandy (1204), it was her own ancestral lands and not the old Norman territories that remained loyal to England. In her attendance at celebrations where their sons were present, there seems little fear on Henrys part that she might try again to incite an uprising. Eleanor would remain in England for most of the rest of Henrys life in what is usually characterised as comfortable house arrest. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Eleanor of Aquitaine (1137-1152) was one of the most powerful and influential figures of the Middle Ages. 2. [39], Eleanor serves as an important allegorical figure in Ezra Pound's early Cantos.[40]. [12] William requested of the king that he take care of both the lands and the duchess, and find her a suitable husband. Arthur learned of her whereabouts and besieged her in the castle of Mirebeau. Although this was perhaps a better military plan, Louis was not keen to fight in northern Syria. In spite of all these words of praise, no one left a more detailed description of Eleanor; the colour of her hair and eyes, for example, are unknown. Publishers Weekly. About four miles from Shrewsbury and close by Haughmond Abbey is "Queen Eleanor's Bower", the remains of a possible triangular timber castle which is believed to have been one of her prisons. [4] She also learned domestic skills such as household management and the needle arts of embroidery, needlepoint, sewing, spinning, and weaving. Although he had been invested as such on 8 August 1137, a messenger gave him the news that Louis VI had died of dysentery on 1 August while he and Eleanor were making a tour of the provinces. Theobald had also offended Louis by siding with the Pope in the dispute over Bourges. This news appears to have forced a change of plans, for instead of returning to France from Marseilles, they went to see Pope Eugene III in Tusculum, where he had been driven five months before by a revolt of the Commune of Rome. As a wedding present she gave Louis a rock crystal vase {fr}, currently on display at the Louvre. He had met her in 1166 and had begun their liaison in 1173, supposedly contemplating divorce from Eleanor. This resulted in the army becoming separated, with some having already crossed the summit and others still approaching it. I cant help wondering whether Stephens behaviour towards Henry, the notion that one could be civil to an enemy, that the cause between them didnt mean they had to personally despise each other, left a mark. View Elinor Henry results including current phone number, address, relatives, background check report, and property record with Whitepages. They now oversaw territories that sprawled from Hadrians Wall to the south of France. Those who tried to escape were caught and killed. Eleanor is said to have been named for her mother Aenor and called Alinor from the Latin Alia Aenor, which means the other Aenor. The notion that she had another half-brother, William, has been discredited. He was ruthless when crossed and some of his contemporaries uneasily credited the story that his family, the Plantagenets, were descended from the Devil a tale that the Plantagenets themselves delighted to encourage. On her release, Eleanor played a greater political role than ever before. Consanguinity was grounds for annulment in the medieval period. He was joined by troops sent by his brother Geoffrey and Philip II of France. Louis VII had set Eleanor aside, and there had been efforts to blame her for their lack of a son and heir. She is a supporting character in Matrix by Lauren Groff. They have also lived in Columbus, GA and Fort Mitchell, AL. The daughters were Matilda, who married Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria; Eleanor, who married Alfonso VIII, king of Castile; and Joan, who married successively William II, king of Sicily, and Raymond VI, count of Toulouse. Hugues de Toucy, archbishop of Sens, presided, and Louis and Eleanor were both present, as were the archbishop of Bordeaux and Rouen. A contemporary Norman chronicler, Robert de Torigny, confessed himself uncertain whether the marriage was a matter of sudden impulse or careful premeditation. Her life was portrayed on BBC Radio 4 in the drama series Eleanor Rising, with Rose Basista as Eleanor and Joel MacCormack as King Louis. [9] However, until a husband was found, the king had the legal right to Eleanor's lands. William had anticipated her value and had her betrothed to the soon . Eleanor had been Queen of France, a mother to two daughters, and had been on the Second Crusade to the Holy Land, spending Easter in Jerusalem, before she encountered Henry in Paris. The Pope, recalling similar attempts by William X to exile supporters of Innocent from Poitou and replace them with priests loyal to himself, blamed Eleanor, saying that Louis was only a child and should be taught manners. Eleanor (or Alinor) was the oldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, whose glittering ducal court was renowned in early 12th-century Europe, and his wife, Aenor de Chtellerault, the daughter of Aimery I, Viscount of Chtellerault, and Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard, who was William IX's longtime mistress as well as Eleanor's maternal grandmother. Eleanor and Louis VII had two daughters, Marie and Alix. From 1147 to 1149 Eleanor accompanied Louis on the Second Crusade to protect the fragile Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, founded after the First Crusade only 50 years before, from Turkish assault. 18 people named Eleanor Henry found in New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island and Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City. Even before the Crusade, Eleanor and Louis were becoming estranged, and their differences were only exacerbated while they were abroad. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. What happened next tells us a great deal about Henry, and about King Stephen, and probably helped bring about the end of The Anarchy. Eleanor went back to England probably early in 1184. Sometime between the end of March and the beginning of May, Eleanor left Poitiers, but was arrested and sent to the king at Rouen. [22] Henry donated much money to Godstow Nunnery in Oxfordshire, where Rosamund was buried. Her half-brother Joscelin was acknowledged by WilliamX as a son, but not as his heir. Since Geoffrey was Eleanor's vassal, many believed that it was she who had been ultimately responsible for the change in plan, and thus the massacre. He possessed one of the largest domains in France, and upon his death in 1137 she inherited the duchy of Aquitaine. Matt Lewis is an author and historian of the middle ages. 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